Snapshot feature implemented for MINIMUM 6502 mode

 

This snapshot feature is for the minimum 6502 emulation target included in c-simple-emu6502-cbm (unified branch).  (This is a bare bones 6502 target with CPU/RAM/ROM/UART.  The UART is MC6850.  See SWEET-16 and vwas6502 previous discussions.)

Ooo.  The screen is so fancy.  F2 or F3 to bring up this screen.  Up/Down make a selection.  Return performs load or save for that slot, or return on the slot number allows up/down to change the slot number.  When loading, the current state is replaced by the state loaded from disk.  When saving, the current state is backed up to disk.  (The reason for the Up/Down/Enter UI choices is that it can be performed by three buttons or touch equivalents with the supported M5Stack devices.)

F2 defaults to SAVE

F3 defaults to LOAD

This is about the simplest way to provide a general load/save functionality without implementing a higher level monitor.  The state includes 6502 CPU, RAM, ROM, minimum settings (where MC6850 is mapped in memory), terminal state, and UART state.  The data is serialized to a binary blob and stored as a single file with the name state01 or such.   Pretty imaginative huh?

So, now you can use the machine language monitor, or Apple 1 BASIC, or whatever you have ported or implemented to this system, and save a current snapshot of the system to restore later.

Example:

6502 hello world

In the example screenshot, I have restored a snapshot from a previous session where I created a program to display the visible ASCII characters 32 through 127.

So in the future, I can expand on the program, save the current state, and resume where I left off another time.  Also the snapshots can be transferred between systems running the emulator.  In my case, I can run on Windows, or M5Stack CoreS3, or Sunton 7".   Switching is a breeze of copying files to/from microSD. 

I hope this feature is useful to others as well!

6502 Help References included in 6502 monitor

6502 mini-assembler help system

The help system recently added to the 6502 monitor (vwas6502) includes

• help commands
• monitor commands reference
• 6502 instruction set mnemonics
• 6502 addressing modes references, listing valid instructions
• opcodes with addressing modes available for a specific instruction mnemonic

In observation, that required a bit of ROM memory.  The monitor is currently at 4K with minimal features.  It is bursting at the seems without further space optimization, so will need to expand to 8K with the next feature additions.

Help commands

Monitor commands reference

6502 instruction set

6502 addressing modes

Help for a specific instruction

The references are possible, because the mini-assembler and disassembler is table driven.  There is a table of instructions in alphabetical order, an alphabetical index of the addressing modes, a table of addressing modes and an example for each in parsing (and number of bytes required) order, and tables of the opcodes: (ordered by) byte values, index to instruction name, and index to addressing mode.

By using the alphabetical indexes, the information can be displayed sorted when applicable.  This makes the information more easily accessible.

The 6502 specific references are generated by 6502 code on demand from the tables.  The commands reference and help about help are the only static help pages.  It would probably take a lot more storage if all the references were static, especially considering there are 56 separate instructions.

More information about this monitor is available in the previous article.

Mini-assembler with disassembler, display, edit, and run

 

Sample assembly entry and run example

Links

• Source at github
• D64 and PRG from github (Commodore 64)
• BIN for ROM (minimum system 6502 + MC6850 + RAM + ROM)

Everyone (in a small corner of the retro programming community) has their favorite machine language monitor.  Mine is HESMON for the Vic-20 which I got in the early 80s.  I probably also used TinyMon, and have used SuperMon in recent years.  The VICE monitor (ALT+H) is great, especially like the symbolic label support which I use to debug my programs assembled with ACME.  Also the Commodore monitors are great too, including Commodore 128 and Plus/4 (and family).

But recently I've been playing with WozMon, both in a a minimal emulated 6502 system, and compiled for Commodore.  But I didn't have a great disassembler and assembler to go with it.   I looked around a little (probably not enough).

My programming brain and fingers were itching to build my own.  So I set out to prototype the assembler portion in C#, the disassembler in 6502 using tables generated by the C# experience, and finally created a wozmon compatible monitor in 6502 with both disassembler and mini-assembler as we see here today.

Let's cover the syntax briefly.

Display memory is a single address (up to 4 hex characters) either by itself, or two addresses separated by a dot for a range of memory.  Below we are looking at the C64 jiffy clock by entering "A0.A2".   The result is the starting address followed by a colon and three bytes of memory from that range.

Modify memory is similar to the output of display memory, but you enter it.  (No I didn't implement the Woz's feature of showing the previous value of the first address.  Probably nice to add later.)   Either a single byte, or multiple bytes may be entered and stored into memory at the specified address.

Run program is a hex address followed by R.   Note that an RTS will usually return to BASIC.  And a BRK will perform the normal screen reset routine.   So best bet for now is to JMP $C000 to return to the monitor (if you wish).   Or if you want to reset the C64...

Those are the commands I stole from WozMon.   (To be clear, I didn't steal the code, just the syntax.  This is my code.)  To continue the excitement of working with WozMon.  With the interest of creating something bigger and better.  Oh joy, more generic machine language monitor commands.   Yes!  You guessed it!

Disassemble is similar to the run command, just change to a D

Assemble is where the exciting things start to happen.  Use A after an address to start writing your own programs in 6502 assembler.

And look what an exciting program this is!   Nearly(*) at the speed of light, it is outputting the first three numerals before restarting the monitor.   Wow!   I am speechless.   (*)I may be too excited about this.

There you have it!   An assembler, disassembler, memory display, editing, and running.   What else could you ask for?

Program loading and storing?

Oh excuse me, I must be going now.   Can't quite hear you.   Enjoying the spendor and excitement of new features.   Ah, while I bask in the glory of greatness.  Let me enjoy this, will you?

Later  dudes!

Update 2024-07-14 The project now also builds a ROM image for a bare-bones 6502 system with MC6850 UART.  The source code has conditional compilation for portions whether the system is first a Commodore 64 with full screen editing, secondly only using the get key routine terminal style (used as stepping stone to...), and lastly the minimum 6502+6850MC.  Also is an option whether to echo keystrokes back to the terminal.   The monitor with mini-assembler and disassembler is now available to more easily port to other 6502 systems!

6502+MC6850 emulated system debugging its own input line routine

Disassembler for use with WozMon

 

Disassembler disassembling WozMon

WozMon is a great little monitor program in 256 bytes which Steve Wozniak wrote for his Apple 1 release in 1976.  It was small but powerful allowing for memory inspection, entry of 6502 machine code programs and bytes, and launching of programs in ROM and RAM (jumping to address).

But being small, it is missing features that monitor users have learned to depend on, including a mini-assembler and disassembler.

So here I am today presenting a disassembler I wrote for 6502 which can be integrated with WozMon run command.  Once the disassembler gets control, the Y register contains a pointer to the last character read from the input buffer, and continues parsing for a hex address.  If not found, it simply returns to WozMon.  But if found, it will disassemble 20 statements starting at that address.  (Note: Vic-20 port above, changed to 17 statements due to the smaller screen size).

The syntax may be lengthier than other monitors, but it allows for an integration with the normally ROM based WozMon without modifications.  Plus you get what you pay for.   The disassembler is open source, so feel free to change it.

The disassembler came into being as part of developing a mini-assembler.  First I'd written a prototype in C# .NET. 

The assembler included tables of information for the 6502 instruction set and addressing modes that lent itself to be used as a disassembler (came second) which was prototyped as a 6502 program that disassembles itself.  Third came the disassembler compatible for use with WozMon.

Each prototype and program is one step along the way for the goal of creating a mini-assembler for my 6502 minimal system.  Not there yet, but getting closer with each step!

Also works with original WozMon in Apple 1 style environment

Also works on C64 and C128 systems